Type 1 : [ If S --- V1, S ----will + infinitive ] à Future Possibilities
If they come, I will phone you.
If the prices are low, people will buy more.
Type 2 : [ If S ---V2, S --- would + infinitive ] à Present Impossibilities
If he lived here, we would easily contact him.
If she were a flower, I would be the beetle.
Were we to leave today, we would get there by Sunday.
Type 3 : [ If S – had + V3, S –would have + V3] à Past Impossibilities
If they had informed us before, we would have arrived earlier.
Had it been sunny yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic.
[ S – wish S --- V2] ——— à Present Unfulfilled Hope
We wish he lived here.
[ S --- wished S --- had + V3] ——- à Past Unfulfilled Hope
I wished you had come to the party last night.
Exercise:
1. If he (run) he (get) there in time. (future possibility)
2. The cat (scratch) you if you (pull) her tail. (future possibility)
3. If the fog (get) thicker the plane (be diverted). (future possibility)
4. If someone (try) to blackmail me I (tell) the police. (present/future unexpected)
5. I if (live) near my officer I (be) in time for work. (But I don’t live near my office)
IF CLAUSE CONDITIONAL
( Kalimat Pengandaian )
Type 1
Fungsi : Untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang terjadi dimasa yang akan datang
Rumus: If Present Simple, Present Future
S + is/am/are + Adj/Adv/N S + will.shall + V1
S + V1 s/es S + will/shall + be + Adj/Adv/N
S + do/does not + V1
Contoh: If I am a rich man , I will buy a big house.
If She graduates , he will be very happu.
Type 2
Fungsi : Untuk mengandalkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi sekarang
Rumus : If Past Simple Past Future
S + were+Adj/Adv/N S + would/Should + be + Adj/Adv/N
S + were not+Adj/Adv/N S + would/should not + be + Adj/Adv/N
S + V2 S + would + V1
S + did not + V1 S + would/should not + V1
Fakta :
S + is/am/are not + Adj/Adv/N
S + is/am/are + Adj/Adv/N
S + do/does not + V1
S + V1
Contoh : • If You were my girl friend, I would take you to the moon
Fakta : You are not my girl friend so I don’t take you to the moon
• He would go home soon if his wife gave birth
Fakta : He doesn’t go home soon because his wife doesn’t give birth.
Catatan:
1. Semua subject bila memakai to be adalah were
2. Pola : If S + were dapat dihilangkan if nya menjadi: were + if + S
Rangkuman perubahan rumus dari if clause type 2 ke fakta sbb:
If Clause Type 2 Fakta
• were / (would/should be) is/am/are not
• were not / (would/should no be) is/am/are
• V2 / (would/should+V1) do/does not V1
• did not V1 / (would/should not +V1) V1
Type 3
Fungsi: Untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang sudah terjadi dimasa lalu.
Rumus:
If Past Perfect, Past Perfect Future
S + had + been + Adj/Adv/N S + would/should + have + been + Adj/Adv/N
S + had not + been + Adj/Adv/N S + would/should not + have+been+Adj/Adv/N
S + had + V3 S + would/should + have + V3
S + had not + V3 S + would/should not + have + V3
Fakta: S + was/were + not + Adj/Adv/N
S + was/were + Adj/Adv/N
S + did not + V1
Contoh: S + V2
• If Doni had studied hard, he would have graduated from SMA.
Fakta : Doni did not study hard so he did not graduated from SMA.
• She would have come early if she had got a taxi
Catatan:
1. Pola If + S + had dapat dihilangkan If nya menjadi: Had + S + V3 / been.
2. Kata sambung Unless = if…….not
3. Perubahan rumus dari if clause type 3 ( Perfect ) menjadi
faktanya ( Past Simple )
If Clause type 3 ( Perfect ) Fakta (Past Simple)
• had been/ (would/should have been) was/were not
• had not been/ (would/should have been) was/were not
• had + V3 did not + V1
• had not + V3 V2
Conditional Sentence Exercises
Complete the verbs in the brackets with the appropriate ones
and find their facts esp. for type 2 and 3.
1. I ( go ) if I had known.
2. If my car ( not break ) down, I should have cought the train.
3. If she were older, she (have) more sense\
4. If you ( read ) that book carefully, you would inderstand it.
5. If the children ( be ) good, they can stay up late.
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